Glossary

Abducens nerve

Abducens nucleus

Accessory nerve

Accommodation

Accumbens nucleus

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Acid/acidic

Acid-base balance

Action potential

Adenohypophysis (plural adenohypophyses)

Adenosine triphosphate

Adipose tissue

Adrenal gland (suprarenal gland)

Adrenalin (epinephrine)

Adrenergic

Afferent

Agnosia

Alpha motor neuron

Alzheimer's disease

Ambiguus nucleus

Amine

Amino acids

Ammon's horn/cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)

Ampulla (plural ampullae)

Amygdala view

Angular gyrus view

Anion

Anomia

ANS

Ansa cervicalis

Ansa lenticularis view

Anterior (the opposite of posterior)

Anterior cerebellar cortex

Anterior cerebellar notch

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) view

Anterior choroidal artery

Anterior commissure view

Anterior communicating artery view

Anterior corpus callosotomy

Anterior corticospinal tract

Anterior cranial fossa

Anterior funiculus

Anterior horn

Anterior horn cells

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) view

Anterior lobe of cerebellum (anterior cerebellar cortex) view

Anterior median fissure

Anterior nucleus of the thalamus

Anterior perforated substance

Anterior spinal ramus (plural rami)

Anterior spinocerebellar tract

Anterior thalamic nuclei

Antibody

Antidiuretic hormone

Antigen

Antioxidant

Aperture

Aphasia

Apraxia

Aqueduct (of Sylvius)

Arachnoid (arachnoid mater)

Arachnoid barrier

Arachnoid villi

Archicortex

Arcuate fasciculus (superior longitudinal fasciculus)

Arcuate fibres

Arcuate nucleus

Area postrema

Arterial pressure

Arteries of Adamkiewicz

Arterioles

Artery

Ascending reticular activating system (RAS)

Associative circuits

Association cortex

Astrocyte

Ataxia

Atom

Atomic

Atomic nucleus

Atomic number

ATP

Auditory

Auditory array

Auditory association areas/cortex

Auditory cortex

Auditory radiation

Auditory tubercle

Auerbach's plexus (myenteric plexus)

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Autopsy

Axial

Axial slices (or axial images)

Axodendritic synapse

Axon

Axon hillock

Axon membrane

Axon terminal

Axosomatic synapse

Amygdala view

Baroreceptor

Basal forebrain

Basal ganglia (basal nuclei)

Basal metabolism

Basal nuclei

Basal nucleus of Meynert

Basal pons (basis pontis) view

Basic solution

Basilar artery view

Basket cells

Beta-amyloid

Beta-endorphin

Betz cells

Bile

Bilirubin

Blind spot

Blood

Blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Blood sugar

Blood supply

Blood vessels

Body of caudate nucleus

Body of corpus callosum view

Bouton

Bowel

Brachial plexus

Brachium

Brachium conjunctivum

Brachium pontis

Brain

Brain injury

Brain pathology

Brainstem

Broca's aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)

Broca's area

Brodmann's areas

Brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3

Brodmann's area 4

Brodmann's areas 5 and 7

Brodmann's area 6

Brodmann's area 17

Brodmann's areas 18 and 19

Brodmann's area 22

Brodmann's area 39

Brodmann's area 40

Brodmann's area 41

Brodmann's area 42

Brodmann's areas 44 and 45

Brodmann, Korbinian

Bulb

Body of corpus callosum view

Calcarine sulcus (calcarine fissure) view

Callosal fissure

Callosotomy

Calvaria (skullcap)

Calvarium

Capillary

Carbohydrate

Cardiac

Cardiac centre

Cardiac muscle

Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular centre

Carotid artery

Carotid body

Carotid sinus

Cartilage

Cartilaginous joints

Catecholamine

Cation

Caudal (the opposite of rostral)

Caudal medulla view

Caudate nucleus view

Cell

Cell body (soma)

Cell membrane

Cell nucleus

Cell wall

Cellular

Central canal of the spinal cord

Central nervous system (CNS)

Central poststroke pain

Central sulcus (of Rolando) view

Central tegmental tract

Centromedian nucleus

Centrum semiovale

Cephalic flexure

Cerebellar arteries

Cerebellar ataxia

Cerebellar cortex

Cerebellar deep nuclei

Cerebellar disease

Cerebellar flocculus view

Cerebellar functional zones

Cerebellar hemisphere

Cerebellar nuclei

Cerebellar peduncles

Cerebellar vermis

Cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna)

Cerebellopontine angle

Cerebellothalamic tract

Cerebellum view

Cerebral

Cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) view

Cerebral cortex

Cerebral falx

Cerebral hemisphere

Cerebral palsy

Cerebral peduncle view

Cerebral veins

Cerebral venous system

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Cerebrum

Cervical

Cervical plexus

Cervical spine

Cervical vertebrae

Chemical synapse

Chemoreceptors

Chiasm (chiasma; plural chiasmata)

Cholesterol

Cholinergic

Chorea

Choreoathetosis

Chorion

Choroid

Choroid plexus

Chromosomes

Cilia

Ciliary body

Ciliary ganglion

Ciliary muscles

Cingulate gyrus view

Cingulate sulcus view

Cingulum

Cingulo-opercular network (CON)

Circadian rhythm

Circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle) view

Circumventricular organs

Cistern

Cisterna magna (cerebellomedullary cistern)

Clarke's nucleus (posterior thoracic nucleus)

Claustrum view

Climbing fibres

CN I

CN II

CN III

CN IV

CN V (CN V₁ CN V₂ CN V₃)

CN VI

CN VII

CN VIII

CN IX

CN X

CN XI

CN XII

CNS

Cochlea

Cochlear

Cochlear nuclei

Cognition

Cognitive

Cognitive function

Cognitive impairment

Cognitive map theory

Cognitive tasks

Collagen

Collateral sulcus

Colliculus (plural colliculi)

Commissure

Commissurotomy

Common carotid artery

Compact part of the substantia nigra

Computer tomography/computerised tomography – always shortened to CT or CT scan

CON

Conduction

Conduction aphasia

Cones

Confluence of the sinuses

Congenital

Connective tissue

Consensual response

Contralateral

Cord

Cornea

Corneal blink reflex

Cornu Ammonis (Ammon's horn/Hippocampus proper)

Corona radiata view

Coronal plane (also called frontal plane)

Corpus callosotomy (commissurotomy)

Corpus callosum view

Corpus Luysii (subthalamic nucleus)

Cortex

Cortical

Corticobulbar tract

Corticopontine tract

Corticopontocerebellar pathway

Corticospinal tract (pyramidal tract)

Cranial

Cranial fossa (plural cranial fossae)

Cranial nerve nuclei

Cranial nerves

Cranium

Cresyl violet

Cribriform plate

Cerebral peduncle (crus cerebri) view

CSF

CT scan

Cuneate nucleus

Cuneate tubercle

Cuneocerebellar tract

Cuneus view

Cutaneous nerves

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasmic

Cytosol

Central sulcus (of Rolando) view

Corona radiata view

Caudate nucleus view

Corona radiata view

Cingulate gyrus view

Claustrum view

Corpus callosum view

Corona radiata view

Cingulate gyrus view

Corpus callosum view

Corona radiata view

Cerebellar hemisphere view

CN I - Olfactory nerve (sensory) view

CN II - Optic nerve (sensory) view

CN III - Oculomotor nerve (motor) view

CN IV - Trochlear nerve (motor) view

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (mixed) view

CN VI - Abducens nerve (motor) view

CN VII - Facial nerve (mixed) view

CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve (sensory) view

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve (mixed) view

CN X - Vagus nerve (mixed) view

CN XI - Accessory nerve (motor) view

CN XII - Hypoglossal nerve (motor) view

Cerebellum view

Cerebral peduncle view

Declarative memory (explicit memory)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Deep veins of the brain

Default mode network (default-mode cortical network system)

Defecation

Dendrites

Dendritic spines

Dentate gyrus

Dentate nucleus

Deoxygenated

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Depolarisation

Dermis

Diaphragm

Diaphragma sellae

Diencephalon

Diet

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Disc

Distal (the opposite of proximal)

DNA

Dopamine

Dopaminergic

Dopaminergic neurons

Dorsal (the opposite of ventral)

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Dorsal nerve root

Dorsal ramus (posterior ramus; plural rami)

Dorsal raphe nucleus

Dorsal root ganglion cells

Dorsomedial nucleus (medial dorsal nucleus) of thalamus view

Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Dorsum sellae

Drive-related behaviour

Dura

Dura mater (usually just called dura)

Dural

Dural folds

Dural venous sinuses

Dystonia

ECF

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Effector

Efferent

Electrical conduction

Electrical impulse

Electrical potential

Electrical signal

Electrical synapses

Electrolyte

Electrolyte balance

Electron

Electron microscope (transmission electron microscope)

Emboliform nucleus

Encephalin (USA enkephalin)

Endocrine gland

Endocrine organ

Endocrine system

Endoplasmic reticulum

Endorphin

Endosteal

Endosteum

Endplate (motor endplate)

Endplate potential

Enkephalin

Enteric nervous system

Entorhinal cortex

Enzyme

Ependyma (ependymal)

Epidermis

Epidural injection

Epidural space (extradural space)

Epilepsy

Epileptic

Epileptic seizure

Epinephrine

Episodic memory

Epithalamus

Epithelial cells

Epithelial tissue (epithelium)

Equilibrium

Erythrocytes

Executive function

Explicit memory

External capsule

External carotid artery

External medullary lamina

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Extraocular muscles

Extrapyramidal disorders

Extrapyramidal tract

Extrastriate cortex

Extreme capsule

Extrinsic eye muscles (extraocular muscles)

Eye

Eyeball

Eye muscles

Eye socket

Facial colliculus

Facial motor nucleus

Facial nerve view

Facial nuclei

Falx (plural falces)

Falx cerebri (the falx)

Fasciculus

Fasciculus cuneatus

Fasciculus gracilis

Fascicularis lenticularis

Fasciculus retroflexus

Fastigial nucleus

Fibre (USA: fiber)

Fibre bundle

Fibre tracts

Fibrocartilage

Field

Field H of Forel

Fight or flight

Filaments of the olfactory nerve

Fimbria

Fissure

Flocculus

Flocculonodular lobe

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Folia (singular folium) of the cerebellum

Foramen (plural foramina)

Foramen magnum

Foramen of Luschka (foramina of Luschka; lateral aperture; lateral aperture of Luschka)

Foramen of Magendie (median aperture; median aperture of Magendie)

Foramina of Monro

Forebrain (prosencephalon)

Forel's fields

Forel's field H1

Forel's field H2

Forel's field H3

Fornix (plural fornices) view

Fossa (plural fossae)

Fourth ventricle view

Free nerve endings

Frontal bone

Frontal eye field

Frontal lobe

Frontal plane (also called coronal plane)

Frontal pole view

Frontal section

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Functional zones of the cerebellum

Funiculus

Fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal gyrus)

Fornix (plural fornices) view

GABA

GABAergic

Gait

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Gamma rays

Ganglion (plural ganglia)

Ganglion cells

Gap junctions

Gene

Genetic

Geniculocalcarine tract

Gennari

Genu of corpus callosum view

Gland

Glia (glial cells; neuroglia)

Globose nucleus

Globus pallidus view

Globus pallidus externus view

Globus pallidus internus view

Glossopharyngeal nerve view

Glucose (dextrose)

Glutamate

Glutamatergic

Glycine

Glycinergic

Gracile tubercle

Granular layer of the cerebellum

Granule cells

Gray matter

Great cerebral vein (vein of Galen)

Grey matter (USA: gray matter)

Gustation

Gustatory cortex

Gyrus (plural gyri)

Gyrus rectus

Globus pallidus view

Habenula (plural habenulae)

Habenulointerpeduncular tract (fasciculus retroflexus)

Haematoxylin and eosin

Haemoglobin

Haemorrhage (USA: hemorrhage)

Head injury

Hemisection

Hemisphere of cerebellum view

Hemorrhage

Hereditary

Heschl's gyri

Heteromodal association areas

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Hippocampal formation

Hippocampus view

Histamine

Histaminergic

Histology

Histological stain

Homeostasis

Homunculus

Horizontal cells in the retina

Horizontal fissure of cerebellum view

Horizontal plane (also called transverse plane)

Hormone

Huntington's disease

Hydrocephalus

Hydrogen

Hydrogen ion (H+)

Hypoglossal nerve view

Hypoglossal nucleus

Hypoglossal trigone

Hypophyseal fossa

Hypophysis

Hypothalamic sulcus

Hypothalamus view

Hippocampus view

Imagen

Imagereceptor

Imaging

Immune system

Immunofluorescence (immunofluorescent)

Immunohistochemical

Immunohistochemistry

Implicit memory

Impulses

Inferior (the opposite of superior)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)

Inferior colliculi view

Inferior frontal gyrus

Inferior horn of lateral ventricle

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Inferior medullary velum

Inferior oblique

Inferior olive (inferior olivary nucleus) view

Inferior parietal lobule view

Inferior rectus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Inferior salivary nucleus

Inferior temporal gyrus view

Inferior temporal sulcus view

Infundibulum

Innervate

Innervation

Insula view

Insular

Intelligence

Intelligence tests (IQ tests)

Intention tremor

Intercostal nerve

Intercostal muscles (external and internal intercostal muscles)

Intermediate grey matter

Internal acoustic meatus

Internal arcuate fibres

Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus

Internal capsule

Internal carotid artery view

Internal cerebral vein

Internal jugular vein

Internal medullary lamina (of the thalamus)

Interneuron

Interpeduncular cistern

Interpeduncular fossa view

Interpeduncular nucleus

Interposed nucleus

Interthalamic adhesion

Interventricular foramina (of Monro)

Intervertebral disc

Intestine (bowel)

Intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus

Intraocular muscles

Intraparietal sulcus

Intrinsic eye muscles (intraocular muscles)

Ion

Ion channel

Ionic compound

Ipsilateral

Iris

Ischaemia (USA: ischemia)

Ischemia

Isotopes

Internal Capsule view

Internal capsule view

Insula view

Interpeduncular fossa view

Internal capsule view

Insula view

Inferior horn of lateral ventricle view

Insula view

Joints

Jugular foramen

Juxtarestiform body

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Lacrimal

Lacrimal glands

Lacrimal fluid (lacrimal secretions)

Lacrimal sac

Lamina 1 (of the spinal cord)

Lamina 2 (of the spinal cord)

Lamina terminalis (vascular organ of the lamina terminalis)

Lateral (the opposite of medial)

Lateral aperture

Lateral corticospinal tract

Lateral cuneate nucleus

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Lateral foramen of Luschka

Lateral funiculus

Lateral geniculate nucleus (lateral geniculate body)

Lateral lemniscus

Lateral lenticulostriate arteries

Lateral occipital cortex view

Lateral occipital cortex - inferior division

Lateral olfactory tract

Lateral posterior nucleus

Lateral rectus

Lateral striate artery

Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) view

Lateral ventricle view

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

Lateral zone of cerebellum view

Lemniscus

Lens

Lenticular (lentiform)

Lenticular fasciculus (Forel's field H2)

Lenticular nucleus (lentiform nucleus)

Lenticulostriate arteries

Leptomeninges

Leukocytes

Levodopa (L-dopa)

Limbic lobe

Limbic system

Limbs

Line of Gennari

Lingual gyrus view

Lipid

Lissauer's tract

Lobe

Lobule

Locus coeruleus

Longitudinal fissure

Longitudinal tracts

Long-term memory

Lower limb

Lower motor neuron (alpha motor neuron; anterior horn cell)

Lumbar

Lumbar spine

Lumbar vertebra

Lumbosacral plexus

Luschka foramen (lateral aperture)

Lymph

Lymph vessels

Lateral occipital cortex - inferior division view

Lateral ventricle view

M1 (primary motor cortex)

M2 (rostromedial motor area)

Magendie foramen

Magnetic resonance imaging (always shortened to MRI)

Main sensory trigeminal nucleus

Mammillary body view

Mammillothalamic tract

Mandible

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Marginal layer (lamina 1 of the spinal cord)

Marginal sulcus (marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus) view

Maxillary bone

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Mechanoreceptors

Medial (the opposite of lateral)

Medial dorsal nucleus (of the thalamus)

Medial forebrain bundle (MFB)

Medial geniculate nucleus (medial geniculate body)

Medial lemniscus

Medial lenticulostriate arteries

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

Medial occipital cortex view

Medial olfactory tract

Medial precuneus

Medial rectus

Medial septal nuclei

Medial striate artery

Medial temporal lobe

Medial vestibulospinal tract

Medial zone of cerebellum (paravermal zone) view

Median aperture

Median eminence

Median foramen of Magendie

Median raphe nucleus

Medulla (medulla oblongata) view

Medullary

Medullary reticular formation

Medullary vellum

Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus)

Melatonin

Membrane potential

Memory

Meningeal layer of dura

Meninges

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Mesencephalon

Metabolic

Metabolic function

Metabolic processes

Metabolism

Metencephalon

Meyer's loop

Microglia

Midbrain (mesencephalon) view

Midbrain tegmentum

Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) view

Middle cranial fossa

Middle frontal gyrus view

Middle temporal gyrus view

Midline nuclei

Midpons

Mid-sagittal (section or plane)

Mitochondria

Molecular layer of the cerebellum

Molecular layer of the cerebral cortex

Molecule

Monoamine

Mossy fibres

Motor

Motor apraxia

Motor areas

Motor control

Motor cortex

Motor endplate

Motor nerve fibres

Motor nerves

Motor neuron

Motor nucleus

Motor system

Motor trigeminal nucleus

MRI

Multimodal

Multimodal association areas (multimodal association cortex; heteromodal association areas)

Multiple sclerosis

Muscle

Muscle cell

Muscle fibre

Muscle spindle

Muscle tone

Muscles of facial expression

Muscles of mastication

Myelin (myelin sheath)

Myelination (myelinated)

Myelin sheath

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach

Mammillary bodies view

Medulla view

Midbrain view

Nasal

Nasal cavity

Nasal septum

Neocortex

Nerve

Nerve cell

Nerve conduction

Nerve fibre

Nerve impulse transmission

Nerve impulses

Nerve roots

Nerve signal

Nerve supply

Nervous system

Nervous tissue

Network

Neural

Neural network

Neural tube

Neurite

Neuroanatomy

Neuroendocrine

Neuroendocrine organs

Neuroendocrinology

Neurofibrillary tangles (in Alzheimer's disease)

Neurogenesis

Neuroglia

Neurohypophysis

Neurological disorder

Neurology

Neuromodulation

Neuromodulator

Neuromuscular junction

Neuron (nerve cell)

Neuropathology

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

Neuropeptides

Neurophysiology

Neuroscience

Neuroscientist

Neurotransmitter

Neutron

Nissl bodies

Nissl stain

Nociception

Nociceptors

Nodulus

Nondeclarative memory (implicit memory; unconscious memory)

Nonpyramidal cells

Noradrenalin (NA) (USA: norepinephrine)

Noradrenergic

Norepinephrine (NE)

NPY

Nucleic acid

Nucleolus

Nucleus (plural nuclei)

Nucleus

Nucleus accumbens view

Nucleus ambiguus

Nucleus basalis of Meynert (nucleus basalis)

Nucleus cuneatus

Nucleus gracilis

Nucleus solitarius (nucleus of the solitary tract)

Nystagmus

Obex

Occipital bone

Occipital cortex

Occipital gyri

Occipital lobe (Brodmann's areas 17, 18 and 19)

Occipital pole view

Occipital protruberance

Occipitotemporal gyrus

Occipitotemporal sulcus

Oculomotor nerve view

Oculomotor nucleus (oculomotor nuclear complex)

Odorant

Odour

Olfaction

Olfactory

Olfactory bulb

Olfactory cortex

Olfactory epithelium

Olfactory fibres

Olfactory nerve view

Olfactory receptor neurons (olfactory sensory neurons)

Olfactory sulcus

Olfactory tract

Olfactory tubercle

Oligodendrocyte

Olive

Olivocerebellar tract

Opercular

Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus view

Operculum

Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Opiate (opioid)

Opioid (opiate)

Optic

Optic chiasm view

Optic disc

Optic nerve view

Optic radiation (geniculocalcarine tract) view

Optic tract

Orbit (eye socket)

Orbital

Orbital cortex

Orbital gyri

Orbital gyrus view

Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus view

Organ

Organelles

Otolith

Otolith organs

Oxidised

Oxygen

Oxygenated (blood)

Oxytocin

Occipital pole view

Paleocortex

Pallidal complex

Palsy

Papez circuit

Paracentral lobule view

Paracentral sulcus view

Parafascicular nucleus

Parahippocampal cortex

Parahippocampal gyrus view

Parahippocampus

Parasympathetic ganglia

Parasympathetic nervous system (parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system)

Paraventricular nucleus

Paravermal zone of the cerebellum (medial zone)

Parietal bone

Parietal lobe

Parietooccipital sulcus view

Parkinsonism

Parkinson's disease

Parotid gland

Pars compacta

Pars reticulata

Pathogens

Pathologist

Pathology

Peduncle

Pedunculopontine nucleus (pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus)

Peptide

Perceptual memory

Perforating arteries

Periamygdaloid cortex

Periaqueductal grey view

Periosteal layer of dura

Periosteum

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Perirhinal cortex

Periventricular zone

PET

Petit mal (absence seizure)

Phagocyte

Phagocytosis

Phrenic nerve

Pia mater (pia)

PICA

Pineal gland (pineal body)

Piriform cortex (Brodmann's area 51)

Pituitary fossa (hypophyseal fossa)

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Pituitary stalk (infundibulum)

Planum temporale (temporal plane)

Plaque

Plaques (in Alzheimer's disease)

Plasma (blood plasma)

Plasma membrane

Platelet

Plexus (plural plexuses)

Pons view

Pontine

Pontine nuclei

Pontine tegmentum

Pontocerebellar fibres

Positron emission tomography (always simplified to PET)

Postcentral gyrus view

Posterior (the opposite of anterior)

Posterior cerebellar cortex

Posterior cerebral artery view

Posterior choroidal arteries

Posterior columns

Posterior commissure

Posterior communicating artery view

Posterior cranial fossa

Posterior funiculus

Posterior horn

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) view

Posterior lobe of cerebellum view

Posterior perforated substance

Posterior spinal rami

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

Posterior perforated substance

Posterior superior fissure of cerebellum view

Posterolateral fissure of the cerebellum

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Postsynaptic membrane (at the neuromuscular junction)

Postsynaptic neuron

Potential

Precentral gyrus view

Precuneus view

Prefrontal circuit

Prefrontal cortex

Preganglionic autonomic neurons

Premotor cortex (part of Brodmann's area 6)

Preoccipital notch (preoccipital incisure)

Preoptic area

Preoptic nuclei

Prerubral field

Pre-supplementary motor area (rostral part of medial Brodmann's area 6)

Presynaptic neuron

Pretectal area

Primary afferent

Primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyri)

Primary cerebellar fissure view

Primary cortex

Primary motor area

Primary motor cortex (M1; Brodmann's area 4)

Primary occipital cortex

Primary olfactory cortex

Primary sensory cortex

Primary somatosensory cortex (S1; Brodmann's areas 3, 1 and 2)

Primary visual area

Primary visual cortex (also called V1, striate cortex and Brodmann's area 17)

Procedural memory

Process (plural processes)

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome)

Project (projections)

Projection neurons (pyramidal neurons)

Propagate

Proprioception

Prosencephalon

Protein

Protein synthesis

Proton

Proximal (the opposite of distal)

Pulmonary

Pulmonary veins

Pulvinar (pulvinar lateral posterior complex)

Pupil

Pupillary light reflex

Pupillary sphincter

Purkinje cell

Putamen view

Pyramid

Pyramidal cells (pyramidal neurons; projection neurons)

Pyramidal decussation

Pyramid of rostral medulla view

Pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract)

Putamen view

Pons view

Pyramid of rostral medulla view

Pons view

Radioactive

Radioisotopes

Rami spinales arteriae vertebralis

Raphe nuclei

Receptor

Red nucleus

Reflex

Reflex arc

Reflex sensations

Remnants of excised structures view

Respiratory centres

Restiform body

Resting and digesting

Resting tremor

Reticular activating system

Reticular formation

Reticular nucleus of the thalamus

Reticular part of the substantia nigra

Reticulospinal tract (pontine reticulospinal tract; medullary reticulospinal tract)

Retina (plural retinae)

Retinal ganglion cells

Rexed's lamina (of the spinal cord)

Rhinal sulcus

Rhombencephalon

Rhombic lips

Rhomboid fossa

Ribonucleic acid (always called RNA)

Ribosome

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Rods

Rolando (fissure of Ronaldo; sulcus of Ronaldo)

Roots

Rostral (the opposite of caudal)

Rostrum of corpus callosum view

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Rubrospinal tract

Saccades

Saccule

Sacrum

Sagittal plane (sagittal sections)

Saliva

Salivary glands

Salivary nucleus

Salt

Sarcolemma

Satellite cells

SCAN

Scanning electron micrograph

Schwann cell

Sciatic nerve

Sciatica

Sclera

Segment of the spinal cord

Seizure (epileptic fit)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Sella turcica

Semantic memory

Semicircular canals

Semilunar notch

Sensation

Senses (sensory organs)

Sensory

Sensory nerve

Sensory nerve endings

Sensory neuron

Sensory nucleus

Sensory organs

Sensory receptors

Sensory stimuli

Sensory system

Septal area

Septal nuclei

Septal vein

Septum

Septum pellucidum

Serotonergic

Serotonin

Short-term memory

Sigmoid sinus

Sign

Signal

Sinus

Skeletal

Skeletal muscle

Skeleton

Skull

Sleep-wake cycle

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth muscle

Sodium

Sodium ions

Solitary nucleus (nucleus of the solitary tract)

Solitary tract

Solution

Soma

Somato-cognitive action network (SCAN)

Somatosensory

Somatosensory association area/cortex (Brodmann's areas 5 and 7)

Somatosensory cortex (including Brodmann's areas 3, 1 and 2)

Somatotopic

Spasm

Spasticity

Spatial memory

Special senses

Specialised nerve endings

Sphenoid bone

Spinal accessory nucleus

Spinal canal (vertebral canal)

Spinal column (vertebral column)

Spinal cord

Spinal cord segment

Spinal nerve

Spinal nerve roots

Spinal reflex

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Spine

Spinocerebellar tracts

Spinomedullary junction

Spinothalamic tract

Splenial sulcus

Splenium of corpus callosum view

Split-brain syndrome

Stain (histological stain)

Stellate cells

Stem cells

Steroid

Stimulus (plural stimuli)

Straight sinus

Stretch receptor

Stretch reflex (myotatic reflex)

Stria medularis (of the thalamus)

Stria terminalis

Striate cortex

Striated muscle

Striatum (striate nucleus)

Stripe of Gennari

Stroke

Subarachnoid cisterns

Subarachnoid space

Subcallosal fasciculus

Subcortical

Subdural

Subdural haemorrhage/subdural hematoma

Subdural space

Subfornical organ

Subiculum

Sublingual salivary glands

Submandibular salivary glands

Submucosal plexus of Meissner

Subnuclei (plural of subnucleus)

Subparietal sulcus (splenial sulcus) view

Substance P

Substantia gelatinosa (Rexed's lamina 2 of the spinal cord)

Substantia innominata

Substantia nigra view

Substantia nigra pars compacta

Substantia nigra pars reticulata

Subthalamic fasciculus

Subthalamic nucleus view

Subthalamus

Subventricular zone

Sulcus (plural sulci)

Superior (the opposite of inferior)

Superior cerebellar artery view

Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum)

Superior cistern/quadrigeminal cistern

Superior colliculi view

Superior frontal gyrus view

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

Superior medullary velum

Superior oblique

Superior olivary nucleus

Superior orbital fissure

Superior parietal lobule (most of Brodmann's area 7) view

Superior rectus

Superior sagittal sinus

Superior salivary nucleus

Superior temporal gyrus view

Superior temporal sulcus view

Supplementary motor area (Brodmann's area 6)

Supplementary sensorimotor area

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Supramarginal gyrus view

Supranuclear

Supraoptic nucleus

Suprarenal gland

Sylvian fissure

Sympathetic

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Sympathetic ganglia

Sympathetic nervous system (sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system)

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

Symptom

Synapse

Synaptic bouton

Synaptic cleft

Synaptic transmission

Synaptic vesicle

Synovial joints

Superior colliculi view

Substantia nigra view

Tactile

Tangles (in Alzheimer's disease)

Tau

Tectospinal tract

Tectum

Tegmentum view

Telencephalic vesicle

Telencephalon

Temporal

Temporal bone

Temporal lobe

Temporal plane

Temporal pole

Tendon organs

Tendon reflexes

Tentorium

Tentorium cerebelli

Thalamic

Thalamic fasciculus (Forel's field H1)

Thalamic pain

Thalamogeniculate arteries

Thalamostriate vein

Thalamus (plural thalami) view

The falx

The tentorium

Thiamine (thiamin)

Third ventricle view

Thoracic

Thoracic spine

Thoracic vertebra

Tissue

Tonsil of cerebellum view

Torso (trunk)

Tract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Transmission

Transmission electron microscope

Transverse cerebral fissure (transverse fissure)

Transverse fissure

Transverse plane (also called horizontal plane)

Transverse sinus

Transverse temporal (Heschl's) gyri

Tremor

Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus view

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Trigeminal nerve view

Trigeminal nuclei

Trigeminal tracts

Trigeminocerebellar tract

Trochlea

Trochlear nerve view

Trochlear nucleus

Trunk

Tuber

Tuberal

Tuber cinereum

Tubercle (tuberosity)

Tuberculum sellae

Tuberomammillary nucleus

Tuberosity (tubercle)

Turkish saddle

Thalamus view

Third ventricle view

Umbilicus

Uncinate fasciculus

Unconscious memory (implicit memory; nondeclarative memory)

Uncus view

Unimodal association areas/cortex

Upper limb

Upper motor neuron

Urination

Urine

Utricle

V2, V3, V4, V5

V₁

V₂

V₃

Vagal trigone

Vagus nerve view

Vascular

Vascular layer (of the eye)

Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis

Vasomotor centre

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone; ADH)

Vein

Vein of Galen/great cerebral vein (of Galen)

Velum

Venous

Venous blood

Venous sinus

Ventral (the opposite of dorsal)

Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

Ventral anterior nucleus

Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus view

Ventral pallidum

Ventral posterolateral nucleus

Ventral posteromedial nucleus

Ventral ramus (plural rami; anterior ramus/rami)

Ventral respiratory group

Ventral striatum

Ventral tegmental area

Ventricle

Ventricular system

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (ventromedian hypothalamus)

Venules

Vermal zone of cerebellum view

Vermis of cerebellum view

Vertebra (plural vertebrae)

Vertebral arch

Vertebral artery view

Vertebral body

Vertebral canal (vertebral foramina)

Vertebral column

Vertebral foramen

Vertebral vein

Vertebral venous system

Vertebrobasilar system

Vesicle

Vessel

Vestibular

Vestibular apparatus

Vestibular labyrinth (labyrinth; inner ear)

Vestibular nuclei

Vestibular reflexes

Vestibular system

Vestibule

Vestibulocerebellum view

Vestibulocochlear nerve view

Vestibuloocular reflex (VOR)

Vestibulospinal tract

Villi (singular villus, but they never occur alone)

Viscera (visceral)

Visceral motor neurons

Visceral motor system

Visceral nociceptors

Visceral sensory neurons

Vision

Vision path

Visual

Visual association area

Visual association cortex

Visual cognition

Visual cortex

Visual field

Visual pathways

Visual perception

Visual system

Visuospatial imagery

Voluntary muscle (skeletal muscle)

Vermis view

Wernicke's aphasia (fluent aphasia)

Wernicke's area (Brodmann's area 22)

Wernicke's encephalopathy

White matter

X-ray

Zona incerta

Zone (zona)